Intelligence, cognitive style, and psychological comparison
Philosopher
Philosopher
Extreme conscientiousness with rigid daily routines. Systematic thinker who synthesized rationalism and empiricism. Low openness to travel but high openness to ideas.
Radical independence of thought with prophetic intensity. High openness, low agreeableness. Challenged all conventional morality while battling chronic illness.
Historical IQ estimates are approximations based on documented achievements, contemporary accounts, and cognitive analysis. They should be viewed as educated estimates rather than definitive measurements. Both Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche achieved remarkable things in their respective domains, and raw IQ alone doesn't capture the full picture of their intelligence and impact.
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