Intelligence, cognitive style, and psychological comparison
Roman Emperor & Philosopher
Philosopher
Philosopher-king who practiced Stoicism while ruling an empire. High conscientiousness with reflective discipline. Private meditations became public philosophy.
Extreme openness with low need for social approval. The gadfly of Athens—valued truth over popularity, questions over answers.
Historical IQ estimates are approximations based on documented achievements, contemporary accounts, and cognitive analysis. They should be viewed as educated estimates rather than definitive measurements. Both Marcus Aurelius and Socrates achieved remarkable things in their respective domains, and raw IQ alone doesn't capture the full picture of their intelligence and impact.
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