Intelligence, cognitive style, and psychological comparison
Emperor of the French
Roman Dictator & General
Extreme Conscientiousness and High Neuroticism (managed). A master of memory and detail.
Extreme ambition with political and military genius. High extraversion, high conscientiousness, low agreeableness. Master of timing and propaganda.
Historical IQ estimates are approximations based on documented achievements, contemporary accounts, and cognitive analysis. They should be viewed as educated estimates rather than definitive measurements. Both Napoleon Bonaparte and Julius Caesar achieved remarkable things in their respective domains, and raw IQ alone doesn't capture the full picture of their intelligence and impact.
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