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A Big Five personality trait describing social energy, assertiveness, positive emotionality, and the tendency to seek stimulation from the external world and social interaction.
Extraversion is a Big Five trait describing social energy, assertiveness, and preference for external stimulation. Extraverts gain energy from social interaction and external activity.
Extraversion involves dopaminergic reward sensitivity and differs in baseline cortical arousal—extraverts have lower baseline arousal and seek external stimulation. Eysenck's theory links it to the ascending reticular activating system.
Measured through self-report scales assessing warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement-seeking, and positive emotions. Behavioral observation can also identify extravert tendencies.
Nisbett, R. E. (2015). Mindware: Tools for Smart Thinking. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Sternberg, R. J. (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Extraversion is a Big Five trait describing social energy, assertiveness, and preference for external stimulation. Extraverts gain energy from social interaction and external activity.
Extraverts report higher positive affect on average. However, introverts can be equally happy when their environments match their needs. Life satisfaction depends on person-environment fit.
Fundamental extraversion is relatively stable. However, people can develop social skills and comfort in extraverted situations. "Acting extraverted" temporarily can boost mood even for introverts.
Sales, leadership, teaching, counseling, politics, entertainment, and any role requiring frequent interaction and external energy.
Extraverts often rise in social hierarchies and leadership. However, introverts excel in deep work and independent expertise. Both paths can lead to success.
