Narcissism Screening (NPI-16)

The NPI-16 (Narcissistic Personality Inventory, 16 items) was developed from the original NPI-40 by Ames, Rose and Anderson (2006). It measures subclinical narcissism: narcissistic traits in the general population. These traits exist on a spectrum, and moderate levels are considered normal and even beneficial. Healthy narcissism includes self-confidence, ambition and resilience, qualities that can serve people well in leadership, creative work and personal achievement.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a clinical diagnosis that affects approximately 1 to 6% of the population. It involves a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy that causes significant impairment. The NPI-16 measures narcissistic traits, not NPD. Only a qualified mental health professional can diagnose personality disorders through comprehensive clinical assessment.

If you are concerned about narcissistic traits in someone close to you, these signs may warrant professional attention:

• An exaggerated sense of self-importance and entitlement
• A constant need for admiration and validation from others
• Lack of empathy: difficulty recognising or caring about others' feelings
• Exploiting relationships for personal gain
• Reacting with rage or contempt to perceived criticism
• Gaslighting, manipulation, or emotional abuse patterns
• An inability to take responsibility or apologise sincerely

If these patterns are causing you distress, consider seeking support from a therapist who specialises in personality disorders or relationship dynamics.